[Aboriginal man]

Instead, use:

Aborigines

Aborigines

Related terms:

Native Americans/ Prehistoric fires/Anthropology

[Absence of fire]

Instead, use:

Fire exclusion

[Abundance]

Instead, use:

Population density

[Acidity]

Instead, use:

pH

[Acorns]

Instead, use:

Mast

[Activity]

Instead, use:

Habits and behavior

*Adaptation

Scope note:

Physiological or behavioral change in response to the environment

Narrower terms:

Fire adaptations/ Fire adaptations (animals)/ Fire adaptations (plants)/ Fire dependent species

Aerial ignition

Use instead of:

[Helitorch]

Broader terms:

Firing techniques/ Ignition

Aerosols

Related terms:

Air quality/ Smoke

Aesthetics

Use instead of:

[Esthetics]

Related terms:

Landscape ecology

[Afforestation]

Instead, use:

Forestation

Age classes

Scope note:

Age range of trees or other vegetation

Related terms:

Seedlings/ Diameter classes/ Old growth forests/ Size classes

[Aging]

Instead, use:

Senescence

Agriculture

Use instead of:

[Farming]

Related terms:

Cropland fires/ Croplands/ CRP (Conservation Reserve Program)/ Fallowing/ Fertilizers/ Old fields/ Plantations/ Rangeland fires/ Rangelands/ Rural communities/ Slash and burn/ Soil conservation/ Tillage

[Air pollution]

Instead, use:

Air quality

Air quality

Use instead of:

[Air pollution, Emissions]

Broader terms:

Pollution

Related terms:

Aerosols/ Ash/ Burning permits/ Dust/ Gases/ Particulates/ Smoke/ Smoke management/ Soot

Air temperature

Broader terms:

Temperature

Algae

Broader terms:

Soil organisms

[Alkalinity]

Instead, use:

pH

*Allelopathy

Scope note:

The influence of plants, other than microorganisms, upon each other, arising from the products of their metabolism

Use instead of:

[Chemical ecology]

[*Alpine regions]

Instead, use:

Mountains

[Alvar]

Instead use:

Mosses/Lichens

Amphibians

Broader terms:

Wildlife

[Ancient fires]

Instead, use:

Prehistoric fires

[Animal distribution]

Instead, use:

Distribution

[Animals]

Instead, use:

Livestock/ Wildlife ; Prefer narrower or related terms when applicable or scientific name of particular species

Narrower terms:

Amphibians/ Birds/ Cavity nesting birds/ Fishes/ Game birds/ Mammals/ Marsupials/ Nongame birds/ Raptors/ Reptiles/ Small mammals/ Threatened and endangered species (animals)/ Wading birds/ Waterfowl

Related terms:

Arachnids/ Bacteria/ Crustaceans/ Earthworms/ Insects/ Invertebrates/ Lepidoptera/ Microorganisms/ Mollusks/ Soil organisms

[Annual burns]

Instead, use:

Burning intervals/ Fire frequency

Annual plants

Related terms:

Carnivorous plants/ Coastal vegetation/ Composites/ Deciduous plants/ Ferns/ Forbs/ Grasses/ Grasslike plants/ Ground cover/ Herbaceous vegetation/ Legumes/ Lichens/ Mosses/ Native species (plants)/ Parasitic plants/ Perennial plants/ Shrubs/ Succulents/ Threatened and endangered species (plants)/ Vulnerable species or communities/ Weeds/ Wildflowers/ Wildlife food plants

Anthropods

Broader terms:

Invertebrates

Related terms:

Insects/Soil organisms

Anthropology

Related terms:

Prehistoric fires/Aborigines

[Anthropogenic fires]

Instead, use:

Incendiary fires/ Human caused fires

Arachnids

Use instead of:

[Spiders]

Broader terms:

Arthropods/ Invertebrates

Archaeological sites

Related terms:

Aboriginal man/ Fire protection/ Native Americans/ Prehistoric fires

Arid regions

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Related terms:

Deserts

[Arson]

Instead, use:

Incendiary fires

Arthropods

Related terms:

Arachnids/ Insects/ Invertebrates/ Soil organisms

Artificial regeneration

Scope note:

Includes seeding and planting

Use instead of:

[Seeding]

Related terms:

Regeneration

Artificial regeneration (aerial)

[Artificial suppression]

Instead, use:

Suppression

*Ash

Related terms:

Air quality/ Fertilizers/ Particulates

Ashbed effect

[Autecology]

Instead, use:

Population ecology

Backfires

Scope note:

Fire set along the inner edge of a control line to consume fuel in the path of a fire or change the direction of force of the fire's convection column

Use instead of:

[Burning off, Burning out]

Related terms:

Firing techniques/ Headfires/ Prescribed fires

Backing fires

Scope note:

A fire front spreading against the wind

Related terms:

Fire behavior

Bacteria

*Balds

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Related terms:

Grasslands

[Bare soils]

Instead, use:

Mineral soils

Bark

Related terms:

Fire adaptations (plants)/ Trees

Barrier islands

Use instead of:

[Sea islands]

Broader terms:

Habitat types

[Basal sprouting]

Instead, use:

Resprouting/ Sprouting

[Behavior]

Instead, use:

Habits and behavior

[Benign wildfires]

Instead, use:

Prescribed fires (chance ignition)

*Bibliographies

Use instead of:

[Literature surveys]

[Biodiversity]

Instead, use:

Species diversity (animals)/ Species diversity (plants)

Biogeochemical cycles

Related terms:

Nutrient cycling

*Biogeography

Use instead of:

[Demography, Plant distribution, Plant geography, Vegetation patterns, Zoogeography]

Related terms:

Distribution/ Island ecology/ Plant ecology/ Relict vegetation

Biography

[Biological control]

Instead, use:

Integrated pest management/ Weed control

[Biological diversity]

Instead, use:

Species diversity

*Biomass

Scope note:

The total quantity, at any given time, of living organisms of one or more species per unit area or of all the species in a community

[Biotic diversity]

Instead, use:

Species diversity

Birds

Broader terms:

Wildlife

Narrower terms:

Cavity nesting birds/ Game birds/ Nongame birds/ Raptors/ Wading birds/ Waterfowl

Related terms:

Wildlife management

[Blacklining]

Intead, use:

Firebreaks

[Blowdowns]

Instead, use:

Windthrows

*Blowups

Scope note:

Fires which suddenly increase in intensity and rate of spread so as to preclude immediate control

Related terms:

Catastrophic fires/ Crown fires/ Fire behavior

*Bogs

Scope note:

Poorly drained, uncultivated tract whose soil has a high percentage of vegetable matter supporting low vegetation/ shrubby plants and sometimes trees. More acidic and more continuously wet than a marsh

Use instead of:

[Grass-sedge bogs, Seepage bogs, Shrub bogs]

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Narrower terms:

Peat bogs

Related terms:

Marshlands/ Pocosins/ Savannas/ Swamps/ Wetlands

Book reviews

Boreal forests

Broader terms:

Forest types

Related terms:

Tundra

Bottomland hardwoods

Scope note:

Hardwoods growing in low-lying or swampy areas

Use instead of:

[Hydric hammocks]

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Related terms:

Hardwood forests/ Hardwood hammocks/ Trees

[Boundary zones]

Instead, use:

Ecotones

[Breeding]

Instead, use:

Habits and behavior along with Reproduction

Broadcast burning

Related terms:

Prescribed fires

[Broadleaved trees]

Instead, use:

Hardwoods

*Browse

Scope note:

Buds, shoots and leaves of woody plants

Broader terms:

Woody plants

Related terms:

Forage/ Grazing/ Wildlife food plants

Brush

Scope note:

Shrubby vegetation and/or small stunted trees

Broader terms:

Habitat types /Trees

Related terms:

Brush fires/ Chaparral/ Scrub/ Shrubs/ Shrub fires/ Sprouting

Brush fires

Broader terms:

Wildfires

Related terms:

Brush/ Chaparral/ Cover type conversion/ Shrub fires/ Shrub fuels/ Shrubs

Bryophytes

Related terms:

Fungi/ Lichens/ Soil organisms

Buds

Related terms:

Flowering/ Foliage

[Bulbs]

Instead, use:

Roots

[Bunch grasses]

Instead, use:

Grasses

[*Burning]

Instead, use:

Prescribed fires

Burning intervals

Scope note:

Interval between 2 successive prescribed burns

Use instead of:

[Annual burns, Fire intervals, Time since last fire]

Related terms:

Fire frequency/ Fire regimes

[Burning off]

Instead, use:

Backfires

[Burning out]

Instead, use:

Backfires

Burning permits

Related terms:

Air quality/ Fire behavior/ Fire injuries (human)/ Fire weather/ Liability/ Natural resource legislation/ Prescribed fires/ Regulations/ Safety

[Burning regimes]

Instead, use:

Fire frequency/ Fire intensity/ Fire management/ Fire regimes

[Burning techniques]

Instead, use:

Firing techniques

[Bush fires]

Instead, use:

Wildfires

[Butterflies]

Instead, use:

Lepidoptera

[Cactus]

Instead, use:

Succulents

Calcium

Broader terms:

Chemical elements

[Caloric values]

Instead, use:

Combustion/ Heat

[Canopy]

Instead, use:

Crowns/ Overstory

[Conservation Reserve Program]

Instead, use:

CRP (Conservation Reserve Program)

*Carbon

Broader terms:

Chemical elements

Related terms:

Charcoal

*Carbon dioxide

Broader terms:

Chemical compounds/ Gases

Carbon monoxide

Broader terms:

Gases

Carnivorous plants

Carrying capacity

Scope note:

Animal numbers that a habitat can maintain in a healthy vigorous condition

Related terms:

Ground cover/ Wildlife habitat management

Catastrophic fires

Use instead of:

[Conflagrations, High intensity fires, Stand replacing fires]

Related terms:

Blowups/ Crown fires

[Catchments]

Related terms:

Watershed management/ Watersheds

[Cattle]

Instead, use:

Livestock

Cavity nesting birds

Broader terms:

Birds

Related terms:

Nongame birds/ Snags/ Translocation

Cavity trees

Related terms:

Artificial cavities/ Translocation

Cellulose

Related terms:

Lignin/ Wood

[Chaining]

Instead, use:

Site treatments

Chaparral

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Related terms:

Brush/ Brush fires/ Scrub/ Shrub fires/ Shrubs

Char

*Charcoal

Related terms:

Carbon/ Wood

*Charring

Related terms:

Charcoal/ Combustion

Chemical compounds

Narrower terms:

Carbon dioxide

Related terms:

Pesticides

[Chemical ecology]

Instead, use:

Allelopathy

Chemical elements

Broader terms:

Chemistry

Narrower terms:

Calcium/ Carbon/ Chlorine/ Copper/ Magnesium/ Manganese/ Nitrogen/ Phosphorus/ Potassium/ Sodium/ Sulfur/ Zinc

Related terms:

Minerals/ Nutrients/ Plant nutrients

*Chemistry

Narrower terms:

Chemical elements/ Pesticides/ Wood chemistry

[Chinook winds]

Instead, use:

Foehn winds

Chlorine

Broader terms:

Chemical elements

[Chopping]

Instead, use:

Site treatments

Clearcutting

Related terms:

Logging

Climatology

Scope note:

Prefer term Fire weather for works dealing with weather or meteorology as it relates to fire

Use instead of:

[Meteorology, Weather]

Narrower terms:

Microclimate/ Phenology

Related terms:

Air temperature/ Droughts/ENSO/ Fire weather/ Global warming/ Humidity/ Precipitation/ Storms/ Temperature/ Wind

*Climax vegetation

Related terms:

Old growth vegetation/ Succession

[Clipping]

Instead, use:

Cutting/ Site treatments

[Closed cone]

Instead, use:

Serotiny along with Cones

[Coarse fuels]

Instead, use:

Heavy fuels

[Coarse woody debris]

Instead, use:

Heavy fuels

Coastal forests

Use instead of:

[Maritime forests]

Broader terms:

Forest types

Coastal plain

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Coastal vegetation

Use instead of:

[Strand vegetation]

[Colonizers]

Instead, use:

Pioneer species

[Combustibility]

Instead, use:

Flammability

*Combustion

Narrower terms:

Spontaneous combustion

Related terms:

Combustion chambers/ Flammability

Combustion chambers

Related terms:

Combustion/ Laboratory fires

Community ecology

Broader terms:

Ecosystem dynamics

Related terms:

Habitat types/ Plant communities/ Species diversity (animals)/ Species diversity (plants)

[Community structure]

Instead, use:

Community ecology

*Competition

Scope note:

Demand by two or more organisms or kinds of organisms at the same time for some environmental resource in excess of the supply available/ resulting in elimination of the less effective organism from the ecological niche

Related terms:

Dominance (ecology)/ Suppression

[Complex terrain]

Instead, use:

Mountainous terrain

Composites

[Composition]

Instead, use:

Species diversity (animals)/ Species diversity (plants)

Computer networks

Computer programs

Related terms:

GIS/ GPS/ Maps/ Models

[Computer simulations]

Instead, use:

Models

Cones

Use instead of:

[Pinecones]

Broader terms:

Seeds

Related terms:

Reproduction/ Serotiny

[Conflagrations]

Instead, use:

Catastrophic fires

Coniferous forests

Broader terms:

Forest types

Related terms:

Pine forests

Conifers

Scope note:

For works dealing specifically with pines, prefer term Pines

Use instead of:

[Softwoods]

Broader terms:

Trees

Conservation

Related terms:

Natural areas management/ Restoration

Conservation easements

[Conservation Reserve Program]

Instead, use:

CRP (Conservation Reserve Program)

[Control lines]

Instead, use:

Firebreaks

[Controlled burning, Controlled burns, Controlled fires]

Instead, use:

Prescribed fires

Convection

Related terms:

Smoke management

[Conversion]

Instead, use:

Cover type conversion/ Habitat conversion

[Cool burns]

Instead, use:

Low intensity burns

[Cool season burning]

Instead, use:

Season of fire

Copper

Broader terms:

Chemical elements

[Coppice]

Instead, use:

Resprouting/ Sprouting

[Corms]

Instead, use:

Roots

[Corridors]

Instead, use:

Forest fragmentation/ Fragmentation/ Landscape ecology/ Wildlife habitat management

[Cost]

Instead, use:

Economics

Cover

Narrower terms:

Escape cover/ Ground cover/ Nesting cover

Cover type

Scope note:

Vegetation complex described by a dominant species, age and form

Cover type conversion

Scope note:

Man made and/or natural environmental changes capable of effecting a response in an organism or altering its relationship with its environment

Use instead of:

[Conversion, Habitat changes, Stand conversion]

Related terms:

Brush fires/ Deforestation/ Forestation/ Ground cover/ Habitat conversion/ Herbicides/ Nesting cover/ Prescribed fires/ Shrub fires/ Species diversity (animals)/ Species diversity (plants)/ Wildlife habitat management

Cropland fires

Related terms:

Agriculture/ Grass fires/ Prescribed fires

*Croplands

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Related terms:

Agriculture/ Cropland fires/ CRP (Conservation Reserve Program)/ Old fields/ Wildlife habitat management

[Crown cover]

Instead, use:

Crowns

*Crown fires

Scope note:

A fire that advances from top to top of trees or shrubs more or less independently of the surface fire

Use instead of:

[Stand replacing fires, Severe fires]

Related terms:

Blowups/ Catastrophic fires/ Crowns/ Fire intensity/ Surface fires

Crown scorch

Use instead of:

[Needle scorch]

Broader terms:

Fire injuries (plants)

Related terms:

Scorch

Crowns

Use instead of:

[Tree Crowns]

Related terms:

Crown fires/ Foliage/ Overstory

[Cryptogamic soils]

Instead, use:

Soils along with Mosses or Lichens or Algae or Bacteria

[Cultivation]

Instead, use:

Tillage

Crustaceans

Broader terms:

Invertebrates

Cutting

Related terms

Logging

Dead fuels

Broader terms:

Fuel types

Related terms:

Fuel accumulation /Heavy fuels

[Dead herbage]

Instead, use:

Dead fuels/ Litter

[Debris]

Instead, use:

Litter

[Decadent]

Instead, use:

Senescence

Decay

Related terms:

Decomposition/ Duff/ Fuel accumulation/ Fungi/ Senescence

Deciduous forests

Broader terms:

Forest types

Related terms:

Hardwood forests

Deciduous plants

[Deciduous trees]

Instead, use:

Deciduous plants/ Hardwoods

*Decomposition

Related terms:

Decay

Deforestation

Related terms:

Forestation

[Demography]

Instead, use:

Biogeography/ Distribution

Dendrochronology

Use instead of:

[Tree ring analysis]

Related terms:

Fire histories/ Fire scar analysis

[Density]

Instead, use:

Population density

[Depredation]

Instead, use:

Predation

Deserts

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Related terms:

Arid regions

[Detritus]

Instead, use:

Litter/ Sedimentation

Diameter classes

Scope note:

Intervals into which a range of diameters of tree stems may be divided for classification

Related terms:

Age classes/ Size classes

*Diseases

Narrower terms:

Plant diseases

[Disjunct populations]

Instead, use:

Distribution/ Forest fragmentation/ Old growth forests/ Old growth vegetation/ Relict vegetation

[Disking]

Instead, use:

Site treatments

[Dispersal]

Instead, use:

Habits and behavior/ Seed dispersal

Distribution

Use instead of:

[Animal distribution, Demography, Disjunct populations, Plant distribution, Species composition, Vegetation patterns]

Related terms:

Biogeography

*Disturbance

Use instead of:

[Man caused disturbance, Natural disturbance, Stress]

Related terms:

Floods/ Wildfires

[*Diversity (ecology)]

Instead, use:

Species diversity (animals)/ Species diversity (plants)

*Dominance (ecology)

Scope note:

The influence or control over ecological communities exhibited by dominant organisms or types of organisms

Related terms:

Competition

[Dominance (genetics)]

Instead, use:

Genetics

[*Dormancy]

Instead, use:

Plant dormancy/ Seed dormancy/ Tree dormancy

[Dormant season burning]

Instead, use:

Season of fire

Drainage

Related terms:

Runoff

*Droughts

Related terms:

Climatology/ Fire weather/ Moisture/ Precipitation

[Droughty soils]

Instead, use:

Xeric soils

[Dry prairies]

Instead, use:

Prairies

Duff

Scope note:

Material composed of litter, fermentation and humus layers in different stages of decomposition

Broader terms:

Fuel types/ Organic matter/ Soils

Related terms:

Decomposition/ Fine fuels/ Humus/ Litter

[Dunes]

Instead, use:

Sand dunes

Dust

Broader terms:

Particulates

Related terms:

Air quality

[Fall burning]

Instead, use:

Season of fire

*Fallowing

Broader terms:

Agriculture/ Soil management

Related terms:

Croplands/ Soil moisture

[Farm woodland]

Instead, use:

Agriculture along with specific forest type

[Farming]

Instead, use:

Agriculture

[Fens]

Instead, use:

Marshlands

Ferns

Fertility

Related terms:

Reproduction/ Soil nutrients

Fertilization

Related terms:

Fertilizers/ Pollination

Fertilizers

Related terms:

Agriculture/ Ash/ Fertilization/ Potash

FIA (Forest Inventory
and Analysis)

Scope note:

US Forest Service program to collect, analyze & report information on status & trends of America's forests

Field experimental fires

Use instead of:

[Fire plots]

Broader terms:

Experimental fires

Related terms:

Experimental areas/ Laboratory fires

[Field layer]

Instead, use:

Ground cover

Fine fuels

Scope note:

Draped grass, ferns, leaves, needles and moss that ignite readily when dry

Use instead of:

[Small fuels]

Broader terms:

Fuel types

Related terms:

Leaves/ Litter/ Needles

[Fire accounts]

Instead, use:

Fire case histories

Fire adaptations

Broader terms:

Adaptation

Narrower terms:

Fire adaptations (animals)/ Fire adaptations (plants)/ Fire dependent species

Related terms:

Bark/ Fire resistant plants/ Serotiny

Fire adaptations (animals)

Broader terms:

Fire adaptations

Fire adaptations (plants)

Broader terms:

Fire adaptations

Fire behavior

Scope note:

The manner in which fuel ignites, flame develops and fire spreads and exhibits other phenomena

Related terms:

Backing fires/ Blowups/ Catastrophic fires/ Fire case histories/ Fire growth/ Fire intensity/ Fire weather/ Fire whirls/ Flame length/ Fuel appraisal/ Fuels/ Light burning/ Rate of spread/ Spot fires/ Wind

[Fire behavior prediction]

Instead, use:

Fire models

Scope note:

Any burning material that could start a forest fire

Scope note:

Natural or man made features which may restrict a fire's movement

Use instead of:

[Control lines, Firelanes, Firelines, Right-of-way]

Broader terms:

Fire control

Related terms:

Fuel breaks/ Flank fires

Fire case histories

Scope note:

Description or account of a single fire

Use instead of:

[Fire accounts]

Broader terms:

Histories

Related terms:

Fire behavior/ Fire histories

[Fire climate]

Instead, use:

Fire weather

[Fire climax]

Instead, use:

Fire effects along with Climax vegetation

Fire control

Scope note:

All activities concerned with protection of habitats from fire

Related terms:

Fire exclusion/ Fire prevention/ Fire suppression

Fire damage (property)

Related terms:

Fire injuries (animals)/ Fire injuries (human)/ Fire injuries (plants)

Fire damage protection

Fire danger rating

Scope note:

Fire management systems that convert fire danger factors (weather, fuel, topography) into National Fire Danger Rating System mathematical models related to fire protection needs

Use instead of:

[Fire potential, Fire prediction]

Broader terms:

Fire models

Narrower terms:

Fire hazard/ Fire weather/ Fuel models/ Fuels/ Topography

Fire dependent species

Related terms:

Fire adaptations/ Fire adaptations (animals)/ Fire adaptations (plants)/ Fire ecology/ Fire resistant plants/ Fire sensitive plants

Fire ecology

Scope note:

Use more specific term when possible. Use term Fire ecology to describe very general works

Broader terms:

Ecology

Related terms:

Fire adaptations/ Fire dependent species/ Fire effects/ Fire exclusion/ Lightning effects/ Nutrient cycling/ Succession

Fire effects

Scope note:

The physical, biological and ecological impact of fire on the environment

Narrower terms:

Fire injuries (animals)/ Fire injuries (plants)

Related terms:

Fire ecology/ Mortality/ Soil erosion/ Water repellent soils

Fire equipment

Scope note:

Fire fighting equipment or equipment used in conducting prescribed fires

Use instead of:

[Equipment]

Related terms:

Fire suppression/ Foam

*Fire exclusion

Use instead of:

[Absence of fire, Exclusion, Unburned areas]

Related terms:

Fire control/ Fire ecology/ Fire frequency/ Fuel accumulation/ Succession

[Fire fighting]

Instead, use:

Fire suppression

[Fire following plants]

Instead, use:

Post fire recovery along with Succession or Pioneer species

Fire frequency

Scope note:

Prefer term Burning intervals for time between prescribed burns. Use term Fire frequency to describe natural frequency of fire

Use instead of:

[Annual burns, Fire intervals, Frequency, Time since last fire]

Related terms:

Burning intervals/ Fire exclusion/ Fire histories/ Fire regimes/ Fire scar analysis

Fire growth

Use instead of:

[Fire shape]

Broader terms:

Fire behavior

Related terms:

Fire size/ Rate of spread

Fire hazard

Scope note:

That part of fire danger contributed by the fuels available for burning

Broader terms:

Fire danger rating

Related terms:

Fuel accumulation/ Fuel moisture/ Fuel types

Fire hazard reduction

Use instead of:

[Fuel reduction]

Related terms:

Fire hazard/ Fire prevention/ Fuel management/ Fuels/ Light burning/ Prescribed fires/ Slash

Fire histories

Scope note:

The historical occurrence of fire in an area. Includes news articles on forest fire occurrences

Broader terms:

Histories

Related terms:

Dendrochronology/ Fire case histories/ Fire frequency/ Prehistoric fire/ Restoration

Fire injuries (animals)

Use instead of:

[Fire wounds]

Related terms:

Heat effects

Fire injuries (human)

Related terms:

Health factors/ Safety

Fire injuries (plants)

Use instead of:

[Fire damage, Fire scars, Fire wounds]

Broader terms:

Fire effects

Narrower terms:

Crown scorch

Related terms:

Fire scar analysis/ Heat effects/ Scorch

Fire intensity

Use instead of:

[Fire severity, High intensity fires, Hot burns, Intensity, Severe fires, Stand replacing fires]

Related terms:

Catastrophic fires/ Crown fires/ Flame length/ Fire regimes/ Low intensity burns

[Fire intervals]

Instead, use:

Burning intervals/ Fire frequency

[Firelanes]

Instead, use:

Firebreaks/ Fuel breaks

[Firelines]

Instead, use:

Firebreaks

[Fire maintained habitat]

Instead, use:

Fire adaptations/ Fire dependent species

Fire management

Scope note:

Activities required for the protection of burnable forest values from fire and the use of fire to meet land management goals

Related terms:

Environmental impact analysis/ Environmental impact statements/ Fire management planning/ Fire protection/ Fire regimes/ Forest management/ Fuel management/ Invasive species/ Land management/ Prescribed fires/ Range management/ Restoration

Fire management planning

Related terms:

Fire management

Fire models

Broader terms:

Models

Related terms:

Rate of spread

[Fire occurrence]

Instead, use:

Fire frequency/ Fire histories

[Fire plots]

Instead, use:

Field experimental fires

[Fire potential]

Instead, use:

Fire danger rating

[Fire prediction]

Instead, use:

Fire danger rating

Fire prevention

Scope note:

Prevention of destructive fire through education, law enforcement and fire hazard reduction

Related terms:

Fire control/ Fire hazard reduction/ Public information/ Smokey Bear program

Fire protection

Scope note:

Protection of special areas (i.e., archaeological sites, snags, etc.) from prescribed fires

Related terms:

Archaeological sites/ Fire control/ Fire exclusion/ Fire management

Fire regimes

Scope note:

Includes both natural and prescribed fire regimes

Use instead of:

[Burning regimes]

Related terms:

Burning intervals/ Fire frequency/ Fire intensity/ Fire management/ Fire size/ Prescribed fires/ Season of fire

[Fire reintroduction]

Instead, use:

Fire effects along with Restoration

Fire resistant plants

Use instead of:

[Heat resistance]

Related terms:

Fire adaptations (plants)/ Fire dependent species/ Fire ecology/ Fire sensitive plants/ Flammability/ Fuel breaks

[Fire restoration]

Instead, use:

Fire effects along with Restoration

Fire retardants

Related terms:

Fire control

Fire scar analysis

Scope note:

Analysis of one or more fire scars to determine fire intervals for specified area

Related terms:

Dendrochronology/ Fire frequency

[Fire scars]

Instead, use:

Fire injuries (plants)

Fire sensitive plants

Scope note:

A species with thin bark or highly flammable foliage that has a greater probability of being killed or scarred by fire

Related terms:

Fire resistant plants

[Fire severity]

Instead, use:

Fire intensity

[Fire shape]

Instead, use:

Fire growth

Fire size

Related terms:

Fire growth/ Fire regimes

[Fire spread]

Instead, use:

Rate of spread

[Fire storms]

Instead, use:

Catastrophic fires

Fire suppression

Scope note:

All the work connected with fire extinguishing operations

Narrower terms:

Firebreaks/ Mopping up

Related terms:

Fire control/ Fire equipment/ Fire exclusion/ Firing techniques/ Foam

Fire suppression (aerial)

Related terms:

Firefighting personnel

[Fire temperature]

Instead use:

Fire intensity

[Fire tolerance]

Instead, use:

Fire adaptations (animals)/ Fire adaptations (plants)/ Fire resistant plants

Fire weather

Scope note:

Weather as it relates to fire or forest meteorology. Use term Climatology for more general works on weather or climate

Use instead of:

[Fire climate, Fires]

Related terms:

Climatology/ Droughts/ Fire behavior/ Fire season/ Foehn winds/ Humidity/ Lightning/ Prescribed fires/ Precipitation/ Rate of spread/ Temperature/ Wind

[Fire weather forecasting]

Instead, use:

Fire weather along with Fire danger rating

Fire whirls

Use instead of:

[Whirlwinds]

Broader terms:

Fire behavior

Related terms:

Firebrands/ Spot fires/ Vortices

[Fire wounds]

Instead, use:

Fire injuries (animals)/ Fire injuries (plants)

Related terms:

Fire whirls/ Spot fires

Firebreaks

Scope note:

Natural or man made features which may restrict a fire's movement

Use instead of:

[Control lines, Firelanes, Firelines, Right-of-way]

Broader terms:

Fire control

Related terms:

Fuel breaks/ Flank fires

Firefighting personnel

Related terms:

Fire injuries (human)/ Fire suppression / Health factors/ Safety

[Firelanes]

Instead, use:

Firebreaks/ Fuel breaks

[Firelines]

Instead, use:

Firebreaks

[Fires]

Instead, use Narrower terms or Related terms

Narrower terms:

Backing fires/ Catastrophic fires/ Cropland fires/ Escape fires/ Experimental fires/ Flank fires/ Grass fires/ Headfires/ Light fires/ Lightning caused fires/ Low intensity burns/ Man caused fires/ Peat fires/ Prehistoric fires/ Prescribed fires/ Prescribed fires (escaped) Spot fires/ Surface fires/ Wildfires

Related terms:

Fire behavior/ Fire danger rating/ Fire ecology/ Fire effects/ Fire frequency/ Fire histories/ Fire intensity/ Fire management/ Fire models/ Fire prevention/ Fire regimes/ Fire suppression/ Fire weather/ Fire whirls/ Rate of spread

Firing techniques

Use instead of:

[Burning techniques, Strip firing]

Narrower terms:

Aerial ignition

Related terms:

Backfires/ Fire suppression/ Headfires/ Ignition/ Prescribed fires

Fishes

Broader terms:

Wildlife

Flame length

Use instead of:

[Flame height]

Related terms:

Fire behavior/ Fire intensity

*Flammability

Use instead of:

[Combustibility, Ignitability]

Related terms:

Combustion/ Fire resistant plants/ Ignition/ Spontaneous combustion

Flank fires

Scope note:

A fire set along a control line to the wind and allowed to spread towards the main fire

Related terms:

Firebreaks

Flatwoods

Use instead of:

[Pine flatwoods, Pine-palmetto flatwoods, Pine savannas, Scrub flatwoods]

Broader terms:

Forest types/ Habitat types

Related terms:

Pine forests

Floods

Related terms:

Disturbance

*Flowering

Broader terms:

Plant physiology

Related terms:

Buds/ Phenology/ Reproduction

Foam

Related terms:

Fire equipment/ Fire suppression/ Prescribed fires

Foehn winds

Scope note:

A warm dry wind

Use instead of:

[Chinook winds, Santa Ana winds]

Broader terms:

Wind

Related terms:

Fire weather

Foliage

Narrower terms:

Leaves/ Needles

Related terms:

Buds/ Crowns

[Food habits]

Instead, use:

Wildlife food habits

Forage

Scope note:

Foods, both vegetative and nonvegetative, eaten by animals

Broader terms:

Grasses

Related terms:

Browse/ Legumes/ Mast/ Wildlife food habits/ Wildlife food plants

Forbs

Scope note:

An herb other than grass

Broader terms:

Herbaceous vegetation

Related terms:

Forage/ Grasses/ Grazing/ Ground cover/ Understory vegetation/ Wildlife food plants

Forest edges

Related terms:

Ecotones/ Forest fragmentation

[Forest entomology]

Instead, use:

Insects

[Forest fires]

Instead, use:

Prescribed fires/ Wildfires

[Forest floor]

Instead, use:

Duff/ Litter/ Soils

Forest fragmentation

Scope note:

Fragmentation of natural forests into progressively smaller patches isolated by plantations or agricultural, industrial or urban development

Use instead of:

[Corridors, Disjunct populations, Forest patches, Habitat fragmentation, Patch dynamics, Powerline corriders, Remnant vegetation]

Broader terms:

Fragmentation

Related terms:

Ecotones/ Forest edges/ Island ecology/ Landscape ecology/ Mosaic/ Vulnerable species or communities

[Forest fuels]

Instead, use:

Fuels

[Forest insects]

Instead, use:

Insects

[Forest Inventory and Analysis]

Instead, use:

FIA (Forest Inventory and Analysis)

[Forest islands]

Instead, use:

Island ecology

[Forest litter]

Instead, use:

Litter

Forest management

Related terms:

FIA (Forest Inventory and Analysis)/ Fire management/ Fuel management/ Habitat types/ Multiple resource management/ Natural resource legislation/ Partial cutting/ Range management/ Recreation/ Shelterwood/ Soil management/ Watershed management/ Wildlife management

[Forest openings]

Instead, use:

Wildlife openings

[Forest patches]

Instead, use:

Forest fragmentation/ Mosaic

Forest products

[Forest regeneration]

Instead, use:

Regeneration

[Forest roads]

Instead, use:

Roads

[Forest snags]

Instead, use:

Snags

[Forest soils]

Instead, use:

Soils

[Forest surveys]

Instead, use:

Vegetation surveys

Forest types

Narrower terms:

Boreal forests/ Coastal forests/ Coniferous forests/ Deciduous forests/ Flatwoods/ Hardwood forests/ Montane forests/ Old growth forests/ Pine forests/ Pine hardwood forests/ Rain forests/ Sclerophyll forests/ Second growth forests/ Subalpine forests/ Temperate forests/ Tropical forests

Related terms:

Arid regions/ Balds/ Barrier islands/ Bogs/ Bottomland hardwoods/ Brush/ Chaparral/ Coastal plain/ Croplands/ Deserts/ Ecotones/ Flatwoods/ Fynbos/ Grasslands/ Hammocks/ Hardwood hammocks/ Heathlands/ Lakes/ Marshes/ Marshlands/ Mediterranean habitats/ Mosaic/ Mountains/ Old fields/ Peat bogs/ Peatlands/ Piedmont/ Pine barrens/ Pocosins/ Ponds/ Prairies/ Rangelands/ Riparian habitats/ Rivers/ Salt marshes/ Sand dunes/ Sandhills/ Savannas/ Scrub/ Shrublands/ Streams/ Swamps/ Taiga/ Tallgrass prairies/ Tropical hardwood hammocks/ Tundra/ Urban habitats/ Wetlands

Forestation

Use instead of:

[Afforestation, Reclamation, Reforestation]

Related terms:

Cover type conversion/ Deforestation/ Regeneration

Fossils

Broader terms:

Paleontology

Fragmentation

Narrower terms:

Forest fragmentation

[*Frequency]

Instead, use:

Fire frequency

[Freshwater marshes]

Instead, use:

Marshes

Fruits

Related terms:

Mast/ Seeds/ Wildlife food plants

Fuel accumulation

Use instead of:

[Fuel weight]

Related terms:

Dead fuels/ Decay/ Fire exclusion/ Fire hazard/ Fuel appraisal/ Fuel loading/ Light burning/ Litter

Fuel appraisal

Scope note:

Relation of fuel inventory to fire behavior

Use instead of:

[Fuel measurement, Fuel assessment]

Related terms:

Fire behavior/ Fuel accumulation/ Fuel arrangement/ Fire hazard reduction/ Fuel inventory/ Fuel loading/ Fuel moisture

Fuel arrangement

Use instead of:

[Fuel array]

[Fuel assessment]

Instead, use:

Fuel appraisal

Fuel breaks

Scope note:

Generally wide strips of land on which the native vegetation has been permanently modified so that fires burning into them can be readily controlled

Related terms:

Firebreaks/ Fire resistant plants

[Fuel complex]

Instead, use:

Fuel types

[Fuel consumption]

Instead, use:

Fire hazard reduction

[Fuel depth]

Instead, use:

Fuel loading

Fuel inventory

Related terms:

Fuel accumulation/ Fuel appraisal

Fuel loading

Use instead of:

[Fuel depth]

Related terms:

Fuel accumulation/ Fuel appraisal

Fuel management

Related terms:

Fire hazard reduction/ Fire management/ Land management

[Fuel measurement]

Instead, use:

Fuel appraisal

Fuel models

Related terms:

Fire danger rating/ Fuel types/ Rate of spread

Fuel moisture

Broader terms:

Moisture

Related terms:

Fire hazard

[Fuel reduction]

Instead, use:

Fire hazard reduction

Fuel types

Use instead of:

[Fuel complex]

Narrower terms:

Brush/ Dead fuels/ Duff/ Fine fuels/ Fuel appraisal/ Grass fuels/ Heavy fuels/ Lichen moss fuels/ Litter/ Live fuels/ Slash/ Shrub fuels/ Surface fuels/ Wildland fuels/ Woody fuels

Related terms:

Fire behavior/ Fire hazard/ Fire weather/ Fuel models/ Rate of spread

[Fuel weight]

Instead, use:

Fuel accumulation/ Fuel loading

Fuels

Related terms:

Fuel types

Fungi

Use instead of:

[Mushrooms]

Related terms:

Bryophytes/ Decay/ Lichens/ Mycorrhiza/ Plant diseases/ Soil organisms

[Fur bearers]

Instead, use:

Mammals/ Small mammals

Fynbos

Broader terms:

Habitat types

[Gallery forests]

Instead, use:

Riparian habitats

[Gallinaceous birds]

Instead, use:

Game birds

Game birds

Use instead of:

[Gallinaceous birds, Upland game birds]

Broader terms:

Birds/ Wildlife

Related terms:

Hunting/ Nongame birds/ Plantations/ Waterfowl

[Game cover]

Instead, use:

Cover/ Ground cover

[Game food plants]

Instead, use:

Wildlife food plants

[Game management]

Instead, use:

Wildlife management

[Gaps]

Instead, use:

Openings

Garrigue

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Related terms:

Shrublands

Gases

Narrower terms:

Carbon dioxide/ Carbon monoxide/ Methane/ Ozone/ Oxygen/Sulfur dioxide

Related terms:

Air quality

General interest

Scope note:

Works oriented to the non-specialist

Genetics

Use instead of:

[Dominance (Genetics)]

[Geochemical cycles]

Instead, use:

Biogeochemical cycles/ Nutrient cycling

[Geographic distribution of plants or animals]

Instead, use:

Biogeography/ Distribution

[Geographic Information Systems]

Instead, use:

GIS

Geographic Names are listed at the end of the thesaurus (following [Zoogeography])

*Geography

Scope note:

Prefer term Biogeography for geographical distribution of plants and animals; use Topography or specific term for topographic features (i.e., Deserts, Grasslands, Swamps, etc.)

Related terms:

GIS/GPS

Geology

*Germination

Narrower terms:

Seed germination

GIS

Scope note:

Geographic Information System. A computer database containing files of multiple variables, such as habitat types, species composition and land use patterns. Through a GIS process called called map overlay, different data coverage can be combined in any desired manner to create thematic maps

Broader terms:

Computer programs

Related terms:

GPS/ Maps/ Remote sensing

Glaciers

[Global Positioning System]

Instead, use:

GPS

Global warming

Broader term:

Climatology

[Golf courses]

Instead use:

Recreation

GPS

Scope note:

Global Positioning System. A system of earth-orbiting satellites offering continuous data

Broader terms:

Computer programs

Related terms:

GIS/ Maps/ Remote sensing

[Graminoids]

Instead use:

Grasses

[Grass]

Instead, use:

Grasses

Grass fires

Related terms:

Cropland fires/ Grasses/ Grass fuels/ Rangeland fires/ Wildfires

Grass fuels

Broader terms:

Fuel types

Related terms:

Grasses/ Grass fires

*Grasses

Use instead of:

[Bunch grasses]

Broader terms:

Herbaceous vegetation

Narrower terms:

Forage

Related terms:

Grass fires/ Grass fuels/ Grasslands/ Grazing/ Ground cover/ Rangeland fires/ Understory vegetation/ Wildlife food plants

*Grasslands

Use instead of:

[Meadows, Pastures]

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Related terms:

Balds/ Bogs/ Grasses/ Grazing/ Herbaceous vegetation/ Prairies/ Rangelands/ Range management/ Savannas/ Tallgrass prairies/ Tundra/ Wildlife openings

Grasslike plants

Scope note:

A plant superficially resembling a true grass but actually belonging to the sedge or rush family

Use instead of:

[Rushes, Sedges]

Broader terms:

Herbaceous vegetation/ Wildlife food plants

[Grass-sedge bogs]

Instead, use:

Bogs

Grazing

Related terms:

Browse/ Forbs/ Grasses/ Herbivory/ Livestock/ Rangeland fires/ Range management

[Green fuels]

Instead, use:

Live fuels

[Greenhouse effect]

Instead, use:

Global warming

*Ground cover

Scope note:

Herbaceous plants (including grasses and ferns) and the lowest shrubs occupying an area

Use instead of:

[Field layer, Game cover, Vegetative cover]

Related terms:

Carrying capacity/ Cover type conversion/ Escape cover/ Forbs/ Grasses/ Herbaceous vegetation/ Nesting cover/ Understory vegetation

Ground fires

Related terms:

Peat fires/ Surface fires

[Growing season burning]

Instead, use:

Season of fire

[Habitat changes]

Instead, use:

Cover type conversion/ Habitat conversion

[Habitat Conservation Plan]

Instead, use:

HCP (Habitat Conservation Plan)

Habitat conversion

Use instead of:

[Stand conversion]

Related terms:

Cover type conversion

[Habitat fragmentation]

Instead, use:

Forest fragmentation/ Fragmentation

[Habitat management]

Instead, use:

Wildlife habitat management

[Habitat models]

Instead, use:

Habitat suitability along with Models

Habitat suitability

Scope note:

Can refer to population abundance, survival and mortality or reproductive output for any living organism

[Habitat suitability models]

Instead, use:

Habitat suitability along with Models

Habitat types

Scope note:

Prefer narrower term

Use instead of:

[Plant associations, Vegetation types]

Narrower terms:

Arid regions/ Balds/ Barrens/Barrier islands/ Bogs/ Boreal forests/ Bottomland hardwoods/ Brush/ Cerrado/Chaparral/ Climax vegetation/ Coastal forests/ Coastal plain/ Coastal vegetation/ Coniferous forests/ Croplands/ Deciduous forests/ Deserts/ Dipterocarp forests/ Ecotones/ Flatwoods/ Fynbos/ Garrigue/ Grasslands/ Hammocks/ Hardwood forests/ Hardwood hammocks/ Heathlands/ Jarrah/Karri/Lakes/ Madrean habitats/Marshes/ Marshlands/ Mediterranean habitats/ Montane forests/ Mosaic/ Mountains/ Old fields/ Old growth forests/ Old growth vegetation/ Peat bogs/ Peatlands/ Piedmont/ Pine barrens/ Pine forests/ Pine hardwood forests/ Pocosins/ Ponds/ Prairies/ Rain forests/ Rangelands/ Riparian habitats/ Rivers/ Salt marshes/ Sand dunes/ Sandhills/ Savannas/ Sclerophyll forests/ Scrub/ Second growth forests/ Shrublands/ Sloping terrain/ Streams/ Subalpine forests/ Swamps/ Taiga/ Tallgrass prairies/ Temperate forests/ Tropical forests/ Tropical hardwood hammocks/ Tundra/ Urban habitats/ Wetlands

Related terms:

Community ecology/ Cover type conversion/ Ecological niches/ Escape cover/ Forest types/ Habitat conversion/ Habitat suitability/ Openings/ Wilderness areas/ Wildlife openings/ Wildlife refuges

Habits and behavior

Use instead of:

[Activity, Behavior]

Narrower terms:

Seasonal activities/ Wildlife food habits

Hammocks

Use instead of:

[Hummocks]

Broader terms:

Habitat types

Narrower terms:

Hardwood hammocks/ Tropical hardwood hammocks

[Hard mast]

Instead, use:

Mast/ Seeds

[Hardwood control]

Instead, use:

Hardwoods along with Competition

Hardwood forests

Use instead of:

[Mesic hardwoods, Mixed hardwood forests, Upland hardwoods]

Broader terms:

Forest types

Related terms:

Bottomland hardwoods/ Deciduous forests/ Hardwood hammocks/ Pine hardwood forests

Hardwood hammocks

Use instead of:

[Hydric hammocks, Mesic hammocks, Rockland hammocks, Upland hammocks, Xeric hammocks]

Broader terms:

Habitat types/ Hammocks

Related terms:

Bottomland hardwoods/ Hardwood forests/ Tr